What encompasses the exercise of authority, responsibility, and direction by a commander over forces?

The concept that encompasses the exercise of authority, responsibility, and direction by a commander over forces is command and control. This term specifically refers to the systems and processes through which a commander organizes, directs, and coordinates forces to achieve operational objectives. It reflects the overarching framework that allows for effective decision-making and execution within a military context.

Command and control is crucial in ensuring that all units involved in an operation are aligned with the commander's intent, enabling synergy among forces and facilitating the implementation of the mission. The focus is on establishing an effective communication and information flow among commanders and subordinates, ensuring a unified and coherent application of military capabilities.

While leadership is critical in guiding and motivating personnel, and mission planning involves developing strategies and plans to achieve objectives, these aspects fall under the broader umbrella of command and control. Strategic management, on the other hand, usually pertains to higher-level planning and resource allocation in a broader organizational context, which, while related, does not specifically define the direct exercise of authority over forces in operational settings.